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Most routine tree work in your own garden doesn't need special permission, but there are important exceptions. Cutting a protected tree without consent can be a criminal offence with significant fines, so it's worth a quick check before any major work.
This is general guidance, not legal advice, and rules can change. If in doubt, your local planning authority is the place to confirm what applies to your tree.
Tree Preservation Orders (TPOs)
A Tree Preservation Order is made by a local planning authority to protect specific trees or woodland. If a tree has a TPO, you generally need written consent from the council before pruning, felling or otherwise working on it, even in your own garden.
You can ask your local authority whether a tree is covered by a TPO. Applying for consent is usually free, and there are set timescales for a decision.
Conservation areas
If your property is in a conservation area, most trees above a certain size are protected too. You typically need to give the council written notice (often six weeks) before carrying out work, giving them the chance to consider a TPO.
Wildlife and nesting birds
It's an offence to intentionally damage or destroy an active bird's nest. Because birds commonly nest in trees and hedges from around spring into summer, tree and hedge work is often best planned outside the main nesting season, or checked carefully first. Bats and their roosts are also protected.
Boundary and neighbouring trees
You're generally allowed to cut back branches or roots that cross onto your property, back to the boundary, provided the tree isn't protected and you don't damage its health unreasonably. The cut material technically belongs to the tree's owner. It's always best to talk to your neighbour first to keep things friendly.
This guide is general information, not legal or professional advice, and details can change. For anything specific to your situation, get in touch and we'll be glad to help.